Ethnic Names and Occupational Success in the Last Era of Mass Migration

"Ethnic" names were (apparently causally) associated with lower earnings among sons of Irish, Italian, German, and Polish immigrants vs. higher earnings among sons of Jewish immigrants, suggesting Jewish ethnic networks contributed to Jewish occupational advancement. Also points out shoddy assumptions behind Fryer/Levitt black names resume studies:
For most major groups in the last era of immigration, carrying an ethnically distinct name was associated with lower occupational attainment. Native-born sons of Irish, Italian, German, and Polish immigrant fathers who were given very ethnic names ended up in occupations that earned, on average, $50 to $100 less per year than sons who were given very “American” names. This represented 2 to 5 percent of annual earnings. [. . .]

Our work also produces several new findings. First, we find that for many groups there appears to be a causal effect of having been assigned an ethnic name—an effect due to both the name and other cultural signals correlated with having been given this name. This effect has eluded earlier observational studies, such as Fryer and Levitt’s (2004) research on black names, and the vast number of studies using other measures of assimilation. Our adjustment for family characteristics is a powerful control for the possible influences on name-giving, strengthening the causal interpretation.

Second, further analyses taking into account last names allowed us to gain insight into the mechanism behind the effects of cultural assimilation on achievement. Assimilation may operate by hiding foreign origins or by displaying an American orientation, even for people who have recognizably foreign origins. Our finding that American-sounding first names were an advantage even for people with recognizably ethnic last names suggests that the signal being sent was one of mainstream orientation rather than origin. Our study supports the idea that U.S. society shared Roosevelt’s perspective: only immigrants who abandoned their foreign affiliations deserved “exact equality.”

This distinction between signaling “origin” and “orientation” is useful for the study of other forms of group differentiation and discrimination. For example, one interpretation of the effect of distinctive black names is that they reveal “blackness” that would otherwise remain hidden. This might play out at the job search stage in which only paper applications are being considered. But another interpretation is that the disadvantage of distinctive naming is not so much in revealing origins (in this case, skin color) but in revealing orientation (in this case, a cultural orientation away from mainstream white society). With this latter interpretation, the effect of distinctive names would persist even in situations, like job interviews, when skin color is known.

Third, our finding that for some groups— notably the Russians, who were primarily of Jewish origin—having an ethnic name has a positive effect on occupational achievement has important implications. Scholars are currently challenging the applicability of the lessons of the past century to recent waves of immigrants, arguing that the potential for downward mobility and the advantages of ethnic networks and enclaves could make it advantageous for some groups to maintain their culture of origin (Portes and Zhou 1993; Rumbaut 1997). Our findings suggest that this kind of differentiated assimilation is not a purely contemporary phenomenon. Instead, it has a strong historical precedent among at least one group, Russian Jews. This finding is surprising, given the attention found in scholarship, biography, and literature on the importance for Jews of Americanizing first and last names. In show business, for example, Jews considered name changes a crucial ingredient for success (Bial 2005; Buhle 2004; Lieberson 2010). Yet we find this was not true for the general population. Being named Moses or Mordechai did not confer disadvantage— quite the opposite. 19

On the other hand, the literature on the Eastern European Jewish immigrant experience attributes advantages to displaying a strong ethnic identity. Scholars have described the important role of ethnic aid societies in Jews’ economic success (Kahan 1978; Kasin- itz 2008). In a climate of discrimination, the use of ethnic networks are advantageous for occupational advancement, particularly for a minority group that tends toward entrepreneurship and self-employment (Rischin 1977). Facing discrimination from non-Jews, the potential benefits of an “American”-sounding first name are small in comparison to strong identification with one’s own landsleit.

[. . .] interpretation of the results for Russian immigrants requires a caveat. Although the vast majority of these immigrants were Jewish, there were also Christian immigrants. Part of the positive gradient we observe for ethnic names may be driven by the lower occupational earnings of non-Jewish immigrants, who had less “ethnic” first names, like John. However, Table 4 shows that the positive association between ENI score and occupational income is stronger among Russians with recognizably Jewish last names, providing support for the protective effect suggested by the ethnic enclave thesis. The 1940 sample will allow researchers to further explore this issue using a larger sample size. Additional data sources, such as shipping reg- isters from the turn of the last century, which sometimes include an indicator for Jewish ethnicity, may also prove helpful in future work (Spitzer 2015).

From Patrick to John F.: Ethnic Names and Occupational Success in the Last Era of Mass Migration. Joshua R. Goldstein a and Guy Stecklov. American Sociological Review 1 –22. DOI: 10.1177/0003122415621910

27 comments:

Anonymous said...

one must also control for geography.

that is, even today 20% of nyc's caucasoid population is jewish and nyc has very high relative incomes, like sf, and boston. those incomes are even higher for its caucasoids.

and why would a jewish sociologist ever admit that "ethnic networks" existed? let alone in print.

makes ya say hmmm?

as for me, a surname which might be thought jewish (but isn't) but all from the y chromosome line had american first names like james and george and arrived in the mid 19th c.

of course they brought their business with them, so they don't count. they weren't "economic migrants".


Anonymous said...

as if n/a weren't bent.

that is, by the dim lights of n/a discrimination against those with recognizably black names is permitted. such people will not have the right orientation.

but n/a doesn't have the right orientation either. it just doesn't show up in his name.

if it did his first name might be "hitler" or "david duke".

HBDers are so utterly fucking retarded. intellectually, morally, socially,...

and they aren't even racists.

they're just giant pussies.

they think they have to go on and on ad nauseum about how science proves they're right.

rule number 1 of being a (non-pussy) racist is:

you don't give any "reasons", and you don't have any.

Anonymous said...

HEIL HITLER!

n/a should audit von karajan's studio recordings of wagner.

and then re-consider.

given his very precious, and flamboyant, "colonial americans are supermen" jive talk,

i really wonder if n/a isn't a black guy...

or a jew...

and then he sucks GOP cock.

totally in-cognizant that:

1. the GOP ideology, post-FDR, is thoroughly jewish...

2. "the far right" is a totally jewish term...

the National Socialist German Workers' party was the EXACT opposite of "far right".

...

poor n/a, his mind is still in the grip of the jews.

and he doesn't know it.

so sad.

so fucking gay.

)))santoculto((( said...

Indeed,

jews help their sons.

euro-goys leave them in their own lucky.

jews help one each other.

euro-goys fight or compete one each other.

)))sabedor((( said...

Even i agree that the avg hbd is just a normie with cognitive steroids, i disagree that you can say it without to be equally criticized, ;)

the avg smart is a natural pussy of the power, they don't have the fight-power, they are too conformist, too confortable, they don't want obviously lost their personal advantages.

They don't commit more crimes, directly, but indirectly, they are conivent with most of real terrorist regimes. So they participate, legimitate, help terrorist regimes, this is like to commit indirect crimes, for example, the mass invasion in the western nations.

Anonymous said...

Think of the commonly accepted averages: Northeast Asian 106, North European 102 ( or variously higher), Ashkenaz 110 (or variously 105-10000). Relatively minute and a fraction of the differences between said races and the dark ones. Any increase in extremely intelligent members of the smallest group should be (and statistically at least, is) outweighed by sheer mass of numbers of the others. When it isn't reflected in outcomes it leaves a few possible explanations: greater in-group nepotism, higher motivation, lower scrupulousness, and/or a faculty for materialism in particular.

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Anonymous said...

where's n/a's trump boosting.

i've said the dems have been much better for white folk than the GOP, but...

trump is an exception.

the pre-trumpocalypse GOP was universalist.

universalism is ALWAYS bullshit.

particularism is THE TRUTH.

if history has any lessons, it's this!

where's the post?

TRUMP 2016!

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Former Nordicist said...

Differences within groups are greater than differences between groups - this is cliche yet true. We also have to break down these broad categories into more specific demographics. For example, while one might say Asians earn more than whites, who earn more than Hispanics, who earn more than blacks, this may not apply to White Nationalists that tend to be overrepresented among the working class (this includes the alt-right who post memes and pretend otherwise).

Just look at the White Nationalists (some of whom are Nordicist) who get doxxed. Overwhelmingly they are working class - that is lower-middle-class white. This isn't the exception but rather the rule. When the January 6 Capitol rioters were analyzed, it was found that they were overwhelmingly working class and had a higher than expected number of bankrupcies among them in recent years (despite belonging to the broader white category). While these rioters were not necessarily White Nationalists, there seems to be an overlap between them and the latter in terms of education and socioeconomic status.

The average reader of these forums, no matter how articulate they may be - I will even go so far as to aknowledge some have high IQs, in a very few cases even approaching genius - tend to underperform due to their psychological characteristics and personality traits (IQ reductionism does harm, we can see). Again, I am going by the backgrounds of race-nationalists who get doxxed - almost all of them to a t. However, there are some who become quite successful in their private life - just not many.

DeadBlogCommenter said...

Now you are a medicist? Or an orientalist? Maybe even if you are retarded enough an afrocetnrist? I know all these ideologies are endorsed by mainstream academia.

"Differences within groups are greater than differences between groups - this is cliche yet true." Retarded reductionism.

Read this from a mildly medicist blog:

https://eginotes.blogspot.com/2015/10/anti-lewontin-analysis.html

https://eginotes.blogspot.com/2018/10/tales-of-fst-sallis-vs-lewontin.html

Ok said...

Lets not care about whites because some white nationalists underpreform? I have criticism of the far right it doesn't delegitimize white nationalism.

Its true that lower class whites are more conservative but the "alt-right" (dead label) is mostly middle/upper middle class zoomers/millenials including preppy types like Spencer/Fuentes.

You can for-go white nationalism but don't harass rightist blog with wrongheaded leftist drivel.

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Anonymous said...

Stop tryna argue with retards, there's no point.