New paper on British surnames and Y DNA.
Most heritable surnames, like Y chromosomes, are passed from father to son. These unique cultural markers of coancestry might therefore have a genetic correlate in shared Y chromosome types among men sharing surnames, although the link could be affected by mutation, multiple foundation for names, nonpaternity, and genetic drift. Here, we demonstrate through an analysis of 1678 Y-chromosomal haplotypes within 40 British surnames a remarkably high degree of coancestry that generally increases as surnames become rarer. On average, the proportion of haplotypes lying within descent clusters is 62%, but ranges from zero to 87%. The shallow time-depth of many descent clusters within names, the lack of a detectable effect of surname derivation on diversity, and simulations of surname descent suggest that genetic drift through variation in reproductive success is important in structuring haplotype diversity. Modern patterns therefore provide little reliable information about the original founders of surnames some 700 years ago. A comparative analysis of published data on Y diversity within Irish surnames demonstrates a relative lack of surname frequency dependence of coancestry, a difference probably mediated through distinct Irish and British demographic histories including even more marked genetic drift in Ireland.
[Turi E. King , and Mark A. Jobling
Founders, drift and infidelity: the relationship between Y chromosome diversity and patrilineal surnames
MBE Advance Access published on February 9, 2009, DOI 10.1093/molbev/msp022. ]
This sounds interesting:
We are currently undertaking genomewide SNP analysis of men whose Y chromosomes belong to descent clusters, with the aim of determining the proportion of the genome identical-by-descent among these distantly, but unambiguously, related individuals.
A British scientist, think Galton, worked out that most surnames will become extinct in 5 generations, their will be one or two predominate surnames and the rest will be composed of only one or two families bearing that surname. If haplogroups work out the same way, less man half of all available men father male children who less than half in term will father male children, you can see that many haplogroups have become extinct and one or two predominating. In Western Europe the common as muck R1b, in the Middle East area, the common J1. Eventually if the trend continues, in Europe everyman will end up R1b as it will probably displace R1a, haplogroup I and the minor ones like J2. We all probably end up called Smith as well.
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